Another influential action that occurred in this area were Ireland being given commercial freedom in 1780 letting them have apart in the slave trade despite the little contribution Ireland could give and the movement towards the ‘Industrial Revolution’.
For further information go to https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/17/us/irish-slaves-myth.html.
However, the source fails to mention how close it is till the end of the British role of the slave trade in 1807 and that industry inside the UK was starting to take over with the slave trade being seen as a more of a ‘thing of the past’ with the ‘Industrial Revolution’ kicking off and dominating English interests for the next century.
The imagery of the source shows a very impressive picture of different regions and perspectives giving gifts to Hibernia, the most significant of these being the African offering up sugar which was a high commodity in the late 18th century, the British soldiers and ship in the background also portray that despite the use of Hibernia as a ‘Goddess-like’ image that the British were the powers in this area and Ireland would have to follow their lead.
For further reference on this issue go to http://peterhousehold.blogspot.com/2007/03/ireland-slavery-and-anti-slavery.html.
Dialogue on the ‘People of England – Now or Never!’ produced 1828
This was an exchange of dialogue between two farmers in
Ireland discussing the ‘Protestant Constitution of 1688’. Also known as the
Glorious Revolution this involved the overthrow of King James II of England a
catholic king, and the replacement of him by William III and Mary II, who were
protestant. This source in particular conveys the views of working-class
labourers in Ireland who were Protestant and their obedience to a foreign leader
based off his religion. The two farmers were highly loyal to the cause when
stating that they were in favour of the ‘glorious protestant constitution for
ever’. This is shown within the text with an emphasis on “Not one moment to be
lost” by Father Gibbs as well as the mention of the Duke of Wellington not
wincing giving the Protestant constitution to the “Popish Mob”. This has a link
to the Transatlantic Slave Trade as it correlates with the Irish obedience
especially shown in the late 18th century with Ireland being able to
take part in the slave trade post-1780.
Summary Of The Topic
The history of Ireland is overlooked in favour of the
history of Britain particularly England and to a relative degree Scotland,
therefore is the history of the oppressed in Ireland. In particular, looking at
the religious conflicts from the 1600s there were many rebellions surrounding
the divisions between Catholics and Protestants.
The first being the eleven years war from 1641-1653. This
was a rebellion due to the land reform which gave Protestants the land that the
Catholics once owned. As well as this, the constituencies of the Irish
Parliament changed so Protestants had a majority, being able then pass
anti-Catholic legislation. Thus, the Catholics rebelled in order to gain back
the land they once owned.
Secondly, the loss of land before and during the Eleven
Years War aimed to enlighten the political elite and members of the upper
classes over the justification of land to be removed from the Catholic
population and given to the Protestant population in ‘charity’. This went
against the Catholic view and one of the main reasons that the war was carried
out. The war began with an attempted coup by a group of Catholic landowners in
the rebellion of 1641. The plan was to seize Dublin Castle and other landmarks
before issuing demands for the Catholic population, such as free practice of
religion, equal rights to hold office, and an end to land confiscations. This
ended in failure, but the impact was clear.
The Catholic population clearly saw
land redistribution as a confiscation of land which was rightly theirs. The
rebellion ended up escalating with violence towards the Protestant English and
Scottish settlers in Ulster. The escalation of these events was something that
the upper classes and political elite did not predict, and this source
detailing propositions for land confiscation was evidence for this.
The last
event looked at was the Glorious Revolution, which was a rebellion in the year
1688 which involved the overthrow of the Catholic king James II who was
replaced with a protestant monarch. This showed the intolerance towards the
Catholic population due to a rebellion supported enough to change the
composition of the monarchy.
Relating this to the slave trade, using video sources one
can observe the history surrounding religion and the slave trade. Cromwell took
over from the late Tudor policy of Irish genocide that had been carried down
the line of the monarchy. James II’s proclamation of 1625 sent political
prisoners overseas and sold to the English settlers in the West Indies. During
the 1600s, 70% of the total population of Montserrat were specifically Irish
slaves.
In 1649 Cromwell attacked Drogheda, slaughtering 30,000 people. In
1650, 25,000 Irish were sold to planters in St. Kitt and in 1652 began the
ethnic cleansing of Ireland ordering the Irish to be transported overseas.
Cromwell’s terror related to the religious struggles between radical Puritanism
and Catholicism happening at the time as this only added to the distress the
Irish were in.
For more information: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrHVX1lrroY
Irish Rebellion 1641 Source
Source: An etching showing the Irish Catholic rebellion of 1641 against Cromwell by Wenceslaus Hollar (between ca. 1642-46)
http://www.from-ireland.net/irish-rebellion-1641-1642/
The drawing shows the Irish rebels (mostly made up of the Irish gentry) attacking and murdering English protestant settlers during the Rebellion of 1641. The rebels were Catholics who were tired of the regime placed upon them by the English (protestant) monarchy that dispossessed their lands. The land was then given to English and Scottish protestant settlers.
The Irish suffered like this for years until they finally combusted in the rebellion in 1641. Although it is known as being the rebellion of 1641 it actually lasted 10 years and was one of the reasons Cromwell went to Ireland. Although Charles I was a protestant, he was married to a catholic so some thought that he might have been sympathetic towards the Irish. This led to him being seen as incompetent leader and was easily deposed and Lord Protector Cromwell thought he had to go and sort Ireland out himself.
The artist Hollar was born in Prague but moved to England and became a painter for English aristocrats. He was a royalist and worked for many aristocrats close to the king. This was probably drawn to show the horror of what was happening to English and Scottish settlers. The source was created between 1642 and 1646 so very close to the actual time of the events that are depicted so could be seen as being potentially more historically accurate.
Oliver Cromwell
This picture is from an issue from the Illustrated Magazine of Art in 1854. Coming 196 years after the passing of the former ‘Lord Protector’ of England. Due to the source being British, (English), it brings up the question of if the source brings a valid portrayal of Oliver Cromwell as well as being nearly 200 years since his grip on British power.
The source is mainly focused on telling the life story of Cromwell from his upbringing to his rule over England from the end of the English Civil war with Roundhead victory over the Cavaliers until his passing on September 3rd 1658. The source is of interest due to the little emphasis shown towards Cromwell and his conquest of Ireland taking place from 1640’s. This area is very much overlooked in the source mainly being mentioned only when talking of the title ‘Lord Protector’ once the Civil War had ended.
The source only focuses on domestic policy for Cromwell and the individual himself but overlooks key aspects in the topic of Cromwell’s role in Ireland and Irish Republicans moving to the Americas quickly after his succession. Cromwell was brought over to Ireland after the country had moved into religious chaos following Stuart leniency by giving Irish Catholics the freedom of Religion and making English and Scottish settlers pay more in taxation.
The source completely misses out how much progress was actually made with Cromwell in charge from 1649-1650 that a claim of ‘Ethnic cleansing’ has even been thrown about. This is especially shown in the case of Drogheda in which 3000 were killed and the leader of Drogheda Sir Arthur Aston was beaten to death by his own wooden leg.
The ‘Ethnic cleansing’ claim is brought more into focus when reading into Cromwell’s own reports sent to the English Speaker of Parliament in which he “Forbade them to spare any”. This is different than Cromwell’s wars within England and with Scotland as the only targets were those armed whilst in Ireland through his own accounts this was not the case.
For more information, go to http://www.olivercromwell.org/wordpress/?page_id=1837
https://www-jstor-org.liverpool.idm.oclc.org/stable/20538322?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Oliver&searchText=Cromwell&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DOliver%2BCromwell%26amp%3Bsd%3D%26amp%3Bed%3D%26amp%3BsearchType%3DfacetSearch&ab_segments=0%2Fl2b-basic-1%2Frelevance_config_with_tbsub&seq=2#metadata_info_tab_contents
Irish Rebellion 1641 Source
http://www.from-ireland.net/irish-rebellion-1641-1642/
The drawing shows the Irish rebels (mostly made up of the Irish gentry) attacking and murdering English protestant settlers during the Rebellion of 1641. The rebels were Catholics who were tired of the regime placed upon them by the English (protestant) monarchy that dispossessed their lands. The land was then given to English and Scottish protestant settlers.
The Irish suffered like this for years until they finally combusted in the rebellion in 1641. Although it is known as being the rebellion of 1641 it actually lasted 10 years and was one of the reasons Cromwell went to Ireland. Although Charles I was a protestant, he was married to a catholic so some thought that he might have been sympathetic towards the Irish. This led to him being seen as incompetent leader and was easily deposed and Lord Protector Cromwell thought he had to go and sort Ireland out himself.
The artist Hollar was born in Prague but moved to England and became a painter for English aristocrats. He was a royalist and worked for many aristocrats close to the king. This was probably drawn to show the horror of what was happening to English and Scottish settlers. The source was created between 1642 and 1646 so very close to the actual time of the events that are depicted so could be seen as being potentially more historically accurate.
This picture is from an issue from the Illustrated Magazine of Art in 1854. Coming 196 years after the passing of the former ‘Lord Protector’ of England. Due to the source being British, (English), it brings up the question of if the source brings a valid portrayal of Oliver Cromwell as well as being nearly 200 years since his grip on British power.
The source is mainly focused on telling the life story of Cromwell from his upbringing to his rule over England from the end of the English Civil war with Roundhead victory over the Cavaliers until his passing on September 3rd 1658. The source is of interest due to the little emphasis shown towards Cromwell and his conquest of Ireland taking place from 1640’s. This area is very much overlooked in the source mainly being mentioned only when talking of the title ‘Lord Protector’ once the Civil War had ended.
The source only focuses on domestic policy for Cromwell and the individual himself but overlooks key aspects in the topic of Cromwell’s role in Ireland and Irish Republicans moving to the Americas quickly after his succession. Cromwell was brought over to Ireland after the country had moved into religious chaos following Stuart leniency by giving Irish Catholics the freedom of Religion and making English and Scottish settlers pay more in taxation.
The source completely misses out how much progress was actually made with Cromwell in charge from 1649-1650 that a claim of ‘Ethnic cleansing’ has even been thrown about. This is especially shown in the case of Drogheda in which 3000 were killed and the leader of Drogheda Sir Arthur Aston was beaten to death by his own wooden leg.
The ‘Ethnic cleansing’ claim is brought more into focus when reading into Cromwell’s own reports sent to the English Speaker of Parliament in which he “Forbade them to spare any”. This is different than Cromwell’s wars within England and with Scotland as the only targets were those armed whilst in Ireland through his own accounts this was not the case.
For more information, go to http://www.olivercromwell.org/wordpress/?page_id=1837
https://www-jstor-org.liverpool.idm.oclc.org/stable/20538322?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Oliver&searchText=Cromwell&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DOliver%2BCromwell%26amp%3Bsd%3D%26amp%3Bed%3D%26amp%3BsearchType%3DfacetSearch&ab_segments=0%2Fl2b-basic-1%2Frelevance_config_with_tbsub&seq=2#metadata_info_tab_contents
